Urban biodiversity: State of the science and future directions

Since the 1990s, recognition of urban biodiversity research has increased steadily. Knowledge how ecological communities respond to pressures can assist in addressing global questions related biodiversity. To assess state this field meeting aim, we conducted a systematic review literature published since 1990. We obtained data from 1209 studies that sampled representing 12 taxonomic groups. While advances have been made over last 30 years, found primarily single cities within Palearctic and Nearctic realms, forest remnants residential locations, predominantly surveys plants birds, with significant gaps Global South little integration multi-species multi-trophic interactions. Sample sizes remain limited spatial temporal scope, but citizen science remote sensing resources broadened these efforts. Analytical approaches still rely on diversity describe plant animal communities, increasing numbers integrated phylogenetic trait-based analyses. Despite implementation nature-based solutions across world’s cities, only 5% link ecosystem function services, pointing substantial our understanding such solutions. advocate for future encompasses greater groups systems, focusing hotspots. Implementing would enable researchers move forward an equitable multidisciplinary way tackle complex issues facing Word cloud titles publications 1990–2018.